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ZEB
annual report 2015
A new housing estate is planned close to
Bergen. Its ambitious goal is, considering the
total energy demand of the buildings, to reach
a Zero Emission Building (ZEB) target for the
entire neighborhood. The project, “Zero Village
Bergen”, consists of more than 700 dwellings
divided between single-family dwellings and
apartment buildings. It also includes non-
residential areas such as offices, shops, and a
kindergarten.
Solar systems (in this case solar cells - PV)
have multiple benefits when integrated in
buildings, but solar energy is, by definition,
a weather dependent energy source. We
therefore had to simulate PV production
and compare it with the energy needs in
the buildings in order to assess the degree
of mismatch. This can be done at different
scales: yearly, seasonally, monthly (most
common), daily, and hourly. In order to
achieve as precise a study as possible,
we chose to compare hourly values. We
simulated PV generation profiles using state-
of-the-art software PV syst and considered the
variety of roof orientations and shading effects
from a 3D model of the buildings.
Electric load profiles for residential buildings
were obtained from a so-called “TUD” (for
Time of Use Data) methodology, based on
the normalization of data from surveys among
real households. We calculated thermal
loads using dynamic energy performance
simulations in the software IDA ICE, assuming
the buildings to be built according to the
Norwegian passive house standard. Both
generation and load profiles were, of course,
based on the same hourly weather data
file in order to guarantee consistency when
addressing the mismatch between the two.
The preliminary results show that, at an
aggregated level, the PV system covers
approximately 90% of the electric demand.
Zero Village Bergen has a total electricity need
of 3,3 GWh/year, while the PV plant generates
in total 2,9 GWh/year. At more detailed levels,
due to mismatch between periods of use and
periods of production, one must differentiate
between self-consumption (the portion of PV
ZERO VILLAGE BERGEN
MISMATCH BETWEEN SOLAR POWER GENERATION AND THE ELECTRIC LOAD IN A ZERO EMISSIONS
NEIGHBORHOOD
MISMATCH MELLOM SOLENERGIPRODUKSJON OG ELEKTRISK BELASTNING I ET NULLUTSLIPPS
BOLIGOMRÅDE (ZEN - ZERO EMISSIONS NEIGHBORHOOD)
Igor Sartori (SINTEF) and Stanislas Merclet (Multiconsult)