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ZEB
annual report 2015
The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy
Directorate (NVE) is responsible for the
making sure that the energy system continues
to develop in the most rational manner, one
which both safeguards the environment
and utilizes available resources in the best
possible way. Having worked for six years
with energy analysis at NVE, I wanted to dig
deeper into the subject matter. I therefore
got in touch with ZEB and CenSES research
centres to establish whether they were
interested in looking at the effects of the wider
introduction of zero emission buildings on the
energy system. The solution was a part-time
doctoral project, taking place at both NVE
and in the Department of Electrical Power
Engineering at NTNU.
The doctoral work is threefold. The first part
aims to establish representative load profiles
for different building types by analysing hourly
measurements from over 100 buildings. It is
important to use measurement data when
analysing the effect on the energy system.
This because the dimensioning of the
energy grid should be based on real data.
The second part of the thesis looks at how
local production in the building, often solar
power from building integrated PV modules,
can be utilized internally in the building or
for the benefit of the energy grid by means
of smart grids and smart end-user flexibility
(demand side management). The third and
final part of the work analyses a scenario with
extensive deployment of ZEBs in Norway and
Scandinavia by 2050 using the TIMES energy
model and the power market model EMPS.
Because of my interest in the interaction
between buildings, local PV production and
smart grids (Part II of the doctoral project), I
spent 13 months as a visiting researcher in
the Smart Grids Department at the Fraunhofer
Institute for Solar Energy Systems (FhG-ISE)
in Freiburg. In Germany, PV technologies and
the concept of zero energy buildings is well
known, and PV on buildings and smart grid
technologies have been a focus of research
for longer than in most other countries. It was
therefore very inspiring to gain insight and
take part in research work at the Department
of Smart Grids at the FhG-ISE. Their
work covers a wide range of technologies
and solutions for smart homes and smart
communication solutions.
Fraunhofer ISE was founded in 1981 and
is now known as one of the world’s best
research institutions for solar energy. Initially,
the main focus was solar thermal energy
(ST), but solar power from PV was soon
included, and eventually also multi-junction
Concentrated PV (CPV). This system has the
VISITING RESEARCHER AT THE FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR
ENERGY SYSTEMS (ISE)
FORSKEROPPHOLD VED FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY
SYSTEMS (ISE)
Karen Byskov Lindberg (NTNU)