Please note that this page is under development during the spring/summer of 2014, so the content may be subject to some changes in this period.

Brief background of course

This PhD course is offered by the RAMS group (RAMS = Reliability, availability, maintenance, and safety) at the department of Production and Quality Engineering, NTNU. The course is lectured by Professor Mary Ann Lundteigen.  The course is framed by the description at "emner på nett": http://www.ntnu.edu/studies/courses/PK8201#tab=omEmnet.

The course may be useful for PhD students that are involved in development of new technology for safety-critical applications, or who work with systems where reliability is a key attribute. There are no formal requirements to previous knowledge, in order to take this course, but without any previous background in system reliability (such as e.g., TPK 4120), the student may need to do some additional reading and preferably have access to one of the following books System Reliability Theory or Reliability of Safety-Critical Systems. The first mentioned books presents the more basic concepts and methods within system reliability theory, and the second book builds on and extends the application of these.

It should be noted that some adjustments to the course content may (to some extent and if possible) be adjusted to the background and needs for the PhD students following the course. This means that the syllabus may be different from one year to the next. Nevertheless, the following topics will be covered in the course:

• Key requirements for safety critical functions, with a special focus on the IEC 61508 standard which outlines requirements that are generic for all sectors and applications.
• Safe design principles, including fail-safe design
• Key concepts like safety integrity level (SIL)
• Models and methods for quantification of reliability of safety critical functions, including common cause failure models, PDS method, quantification of reliability for high and low demand systems, analysis of multi-state systems, using Markov models, versus binary systems. 
• Follow-up of safety integrity level (SIL) in the operational (or usage) phase.

Course objective and motivation

The main objective of this course is give participating students a thorough understanding of concepts, methods, principles, and dilemmas in relation to the specification, design, and use of safety-critical systems. It is also a main goal that students can relate some of the lectured topics to their own research project.

As a PhD student you should learn to be critical to all concepts, all terms and all statements. Since the field of reliability assessment (as we are using it here) is probabilistic, there is always uncertainty about the validity of the results. You may challenge the scope of the assessment, the approach used, the data, the calculation approaches, the qualitative analysis methods and so on.  

Expected learning outcome

Knowledge:
In this course the students will get a thorough insight into reliability assessment of safety-critical systems. This includes for the students to get knowledge about (i) various types of safety critical systems, (ii) key requirements, with basis in regulations and key standards, such as IEC 61508 (and similar), (iii) different methods for reliability assessment in design and operation(usage, (iv) consideration of uncertainty in reliability assessments, and (v) methods for identification of reliability performance requirements. Many of the application examples are taken from the process industry, but the methods lectured are also applicable for other application areas, such as aviation, railway, medical equipment, automotive, machinery and so on.

Skills:
The students shall be able to (i) perform reliability assessment of safety-critical functions by the use of different type of methods, (ii) identify relevant data for their analyses, (iii) apply relevant standards, and (iv) identify and discuss relevant research challenges within the course topic. 

General competence:
The students shall be able to understand how reliability assessments are influencing decisions in design and operation/use of safety-critical systems. The students should also understand how reliability assessments are linked to risk assessments of a plant/facility or equipment, whose failure may result in damage to human(s), the environment or significant material assets. 

Relevance

Many research projects involve development of technology for or which may be part of safety-critical systems, used to prevent loss of harm, or which may cause harm if the system fails. There are (at least) three key challenges in relation to such systems: How reliable must these systems be in order to provide the necessary confidence of performance, how can we design such systems so that the required reliability is achieved, and how can we track and maintain the reliability performance throughout the life of the systems. To answer these questions, it is necessary to be familiar with key concepts and methods within system reliability, and the link between system reliability and risk analysis. This course touches upon both, and is also addressing key standards that are governing for specification, design and use of safety-critical systems.

Topics and lecturing plan

The final lecturing plan will be determined in a first meeting with the students that have signed up for the course. Most likely, the course will be arranged as seminars (3 x 2 days, alternatively 6x1 days), but I will be open for other arrangements if this is more suited. See a list of lectured topics to the right on this page.

The lecturing will be done as follows:

• 1-2 topics are introduced by lecturer, including some tutorials
• Each student prepares a presentation to the next gathering on one of the topics (for example with basis in an article or a report), for a more in-depth analysis
• The student presentations are held in relation to the next gathering, and supplemented with discussions
• At the end of the next gathering, the lecturer introduces 1-2 new topics, including some tutorials
• Each student prepares a presentation to the next ... and so on

The students will also carry out a project (student work, accounts for 50% in the final grade), on a topic that is agreed with the lecturer. The topic may, to the extent possible, be aligned with the student's PhD project og sub-tasks.

Examination

The examination constitute an oral exam (50%) and a student project (50%). The date of the exam is agreed in the beginning of the semester. The student work consists of a project, with expected work load of 90 hours, on a selected topic in agreement with the lecturer.

Syllabus

Supplementary reading (depending on the student background and research topic):

• Will depend on the project assignment
• IEC 62061 (design of safety-critical systems for machinery)
• IEC 61511 (design of safety-critical systems for the process industry)
• IEC 62304 (design of safety-critical medical devices)