hosiar_nooraddin

INTRODUCTION

that human behavior based designs encourage a better quality of

human activities in the space of the street, and create

interaction between indoor and outdoor spaces. To do this he

suggested the concept of pattern language composed of basic

patterns which should work as guidelines for the individual

projects. His goal is to consider more variables than are

commonly used in the conventional urban design. I criticize

Alexander because these patterns are abstracted in order to make

them general and not time or place related. These patterns are

only new forms of general standards to be used by designers in

any local context. I agree with Alexander

that the number of

the elements and their relationships in patterns created by

people are larger and have more overlapping order than in formal

designed patterns, but creating a set of general abstracted

patterns of urban design makes it too simple again and does not

support creating a natural built environment.

More recently, street environment studies

have maintained

that public life can be created by design solutions which

stimulate the type, nature, duration, and number of activities

in the street. Examples of such solutions are front gardens, low

buildings, limiting the number of public open spaces, providing

street furniture,

and light traffic. Varming� studied front

yards of buildings in some small towns in Denmark and found that

Thames and Hudson, London.

See also:

Alexander, Christopher & Chermayeff, Serge, 1965,

Community and Privacy,

Anchor Books, New York.

�Alexander, C.,

A City is not a Tree.

In Design, No. 6. 1966.

�Gehl, Jan,

Life between Buildings,

First published in Danish in 1980

and translated to English by: Koch, Jo, 1987, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New

York.

Appleyard, Donald, 1981,

Livable Streets,

University of California

Press, Berkeley.

Moudon, Anne Vernez (editor), 1987,

Public Streets for Public Use,

Van

Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.

Kent, Suzan (editor), 1990,

Domestic Architecture and The Use of Space,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

�arming, Michael,

De danske forarealer.

A paper in Arkitekten No. 22,

1972, Statens Byggeforskningsinstititut, København. pp. 1-3.