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int day, month, year;

boolean isValidDate(int day, int month, int year) {
	... check validity ...
}

void setDate(int day, int month, int year) {
	// check new day, month and year
	if (! isValidDate(day, month, year)) {
		throw new IllegalArgumentExceptionIllegalStateException(... appropriate message ...);
	}
	this.day = day;
	this.month = month;
	this.year = year;
}

// provide valid default values, e.g. start time for Unix, must be valid
int day = 1, month = 1, year = 1971

// or a constructor
public Date(int day, int month, int year) {
	// check new day, month and year
	if (! isValidDate(day, month, year)) {
		throw new IllegalArgumentExceptionIllegalStateException(... appropriate message ...);
	}
	this.day = day;
	this.month = month;
	this.year = year;
}