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Can is a low-level protocol and implements some of the transport layer, such as automatic retransmission of faulty frames.

Can also implements the physical layer and the data link layer. For higher layers there are multiple can based protocols such as CANopen and Devicenet.

CANopen which is one of the can based protocols implement up to the application layer where the lower levels is usually but not exclusively in accordance with CAN.

DeviceNet is based on the CAN data link layer and for the layers 5-7 it implements the Common Industrial Protocol. And defines the cables itself.