******* This page is under development and will during the spring and summer of 2014 be subject to many changes.****
TPK 5170 RAMS Assessment and Optimization
Brief background of course
This course is the specialization course in reliability, availability, maintenance and safety (RAMS) in the last fall semester of the (2 year) international master program in RAMS and the (5 year) master program in Mechanical Engineering (in Norwegian: Produktdesign og Produksjon - PUP). The course introduces some new methods, and makes a more thorough presentation of methods introduced in previous RAMS-related courses.
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I mentioned that TPK 5170 is in a transition period. The course may, from the fall of 2015, change the name to "Asset management methods". A new course in "Reliability of safety-critical systems" ("SIS course") will at the same time be introduced (from spring 2015). Topics related to reliability assessment will be transferred to the new ("SIS") course, and it is planned that TPK 5170 with its new profile will expand on topics related to maintenance optimization and the estimation of remaining useful life. The changes will be available http://www.ntnu.edu/studies/courses, once implemented.
Course objective and motivation
The main objective of this course is to increase the depth of understanding about RAMS assessment and optimization models and methods. Such models and methods may be useful for several purposes, including:
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As already mentioned, the course aims to study already lectured methods and models in more detail, to add more perspectives to the understanding. Some new models methods are also introduced so that the students, after having taken the course, will have a solid toolbox of models and methods to use in their future work career. The lectured methods may also be used in the master project in the last semester.
Expected learning outcome
Knowledge:
Obtain a more thorough understanding of the theoretical foundation and the practical applications of RAMS assessment and optimization methods.
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General competence:
Understand RAMS as an important cornerstone of industrial and commercial systems and in the public administration.
Industry relevance
Reliability assessments of safety-critical systems are key services provided by many consultancy companies, such as with Safetec, Lloyd's Register Consulting, and DNV-GL (link to the GL-part of the services), and Lilleaker Consulting. Manufacturers like ABB, Siemens, AkerSolutions, FMC, Kongsberg Maritime and many others need to design systems in light of reliability requirements, and also demonstrate (sometimes with assistance of the consultancy companies) that the reliability requirements are met. End users, like railway service providers like Jernbaneverket, oil companies like Statoil, Det Norske, GDF-Suez, Shell and Conoco-Phillips, and Wintershall, and other industries like smelting plants and water power suppliers must be competent to select proper system design, follow up the system performance and select the most suitable maintenance strategies to keep costs and safety within the accepetable limits.
Topics covered
With the prevailing profile of the course, there are two main subject areas of this course:
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Week | Date
| Subject | Lectured topics | Motivation | Lecturer | Tutorials |
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34 | 19 & 20.8 | All | 1st hour:
2nd-3rd hours
| Inform the students about the course objectives, intended learning outcomes, and practicalities.
| Mary Ann and Jørn |
|
35 | 26.-27.8 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: | IEC 61508 is a key standard on design of safety-critical systems, when the technology used include electrical, | Mary Ann |
|
36 | 2.-3.9 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: (chapter 2, plus supplemented material: | The mentioned IEC standard(s) require a structured process for defining SIL requirements. Methods like layers of protection analysis (LOPA) and risk graph are often used for this purpose. Risk graph is used with many applications, such as for machinery and process industry, whereas LOPA is mainly used in the process industry. In the oil and gas industry, for example, it is common to have LOPA-sessions/workshops in an early planning of new systems. A special case of defining SIL requirements is the minimum SIL, advocated in a Norwegian guideline for offshore oil and gas facility, Norsk Olje og Gass guideline 070. This approach builds on principles called GALE or GAMAB. | Mary Ann |
|
37 | 9.-10.9 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: (Textbook chapter 5 and 8) | PetriNets is an alternative approach for calculating the the the average probability of failure on demand (PFD). | Yiliu (Mary Ann |
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38 | 16.-17.9 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: Quantification of reliability for systems operating on demand - Extending the simplified formulas (Textbook chapter 8) | Students that take this course are familiar with simplified formulas for calculating the average probability of failure on demand (PFD).
| Mary Ann |
|
39 | 23.-24.9 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: Modeling of CCFs and determining of the value of the beta factor. (Textbook chapter 10) | Common cause failures (CCFs) are often the main contributor to the probability of failure for redundant systems. The students
| Mary Ann |
|
40 | 30.9-1.10 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: Quantification of reliability for systems operating on demand with focus on partial and imperfect testing (Textbook chapter 11) | It is not always realistic that the proof tests and the associated repair actions are "perfect", meaning that the system is restored to an as good as new state after each test. One reason may be that it is not safe to simulate a real "demand" (would you test fire detectors by putting fire to a room?). The simulated test (pressing a test-button) may not be so extensive, and some failures may be left undiscovered also after the test. Another reason may be that it is not desired to carry out a perfect test. Testing of valves, for example, require that the valve is operated from opened to closed position (or visa versa), but this may require a full stop of the plant. Instead, it may be suggested to replace some perfect tests with partial tests, so that the valve is just operated some %, and then returned to its initial position. This lecture focus on how to account for such factors in the quantification of PFD. | Mary Ann |
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41 | 7.-8.10 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: Quantification of reliability for systems operating in the high demand mode (Textbook chapter 9) | Not all safety-critical systems operate on demand. For example, many machinery safety functions are always or so often demanded that the PFD is no longer a useful reliability measure. Another example is railway signaling systems controlling the setting of light signals and position of rails switches. In this case, another reliability measure is suggested in standards like IEC 61508, called failure frequency (PFH). This lecture explains how the PFH is calculated for typical system architectures. | Mary Ann |
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42 | 14.-15.10 | 1 | Safety-critical systems: Quantification of spurious trips (Textbook chapter 10) | A fail-safe design of a safety-critical system favors a transition to the safe state, which in most | Mary Ann |
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43 | 21-22.10 | 2 | Spare-part optimization | Spare parts may be costly to have on the stock, but at the same time it is costly not to have a spare part available when it is needed. This topic concern how to calculate the probability of running out of spares, using simple formulas and Markov analyses. The use of PetriNets for this purpose is also shown. This topic may not be some relevant for very specialized systems, where it is not possible to acquire a spare within short time. For a manufacturer that develops products, such as sensors, in a large scale to e.g. the oil and gas industry, it may be relevant to find the optimal number of spare parts for warranty and repair services. | Yiliu | |
44 | 27&28.10 | 2 | Age, block, and minimal repair strategies | Maintenance optimization:
| Jørn | |
45 | 4&5.11 | 2 | Age, block, and minimal repair strategies (continued) | See above. | Jørn | |
46 | 11&12.11 | 2 | Topic to be scheduled (Anne Barros) | Anne | ||
47 | 18.&19.11 | N/A | Student presentations (also using tutorial hours) | Students get the possibility to reflect on the lectured topics and in particular to see how these are related to their specialization project, and how they may be applicable for their master project. | ||
48 | 26.11 | Summary (in tutorial hours, due to IPK traveling on 24-25.11) | Mary Ann | |||
Tutorials & Project
- It is not compulsory to solve problems and hand in solutions, however, problems are provided as part of the course and the tutorial hours in relation to these. The provision of problems is based on student feedback from earlier years.
- There
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- is no compulsory project, however, the students will be organized into groups and given a topic to present in the last lecture. Having oral presentation as part of the course is also based on student feedback from earlier years.
Topic | Problems | Software |
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Reliability assessment | Problems will be selected from the following booklet | Matlab, Maple, Grif |
Maintenance optimization | Problems will be .... | Excel |
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