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• ANNUAL REPORT 2013
velocity profiles, waves, water temperature and salin-
ity measured over the deployment period. Analysis of
sea current profile shows a dominant counterclockwise
current in the Ice Fjord with relatively small tidal compo-
nent. Trackers of surface current deployed in the Advent
Fjord in October 2013 showed a dominant out-flux of
surface water from the Advent Fjord as a component of
counter-clockwise circulation in the Ice Fjord.
An important part of quantifying the physical nature
is to characterize Arctic materials mathematically. In
SAMCoT we particularly address material or constitu-
tive modelling of ice rubble (understood as the uncon-
solidated layer of first-year ridges) and frozen soils. One
post. doc. and three PhD candidates are examining ice
rubble through numerical and experimental studies,
whilst one PhD candidate works with frozen soils
numerically and theoretically.
Ice rubble
Arttu Polojärvi started to work at SAMCoT as a
postdoctoral researcher in April 2013 after defend-
ing his doctoral thesis in Aalto University School
of Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics.
Polojärvi is working at SAMCoT on similar problems
and modelling techniques as he did during his doctoral
studies: discontinuum modelling of ice rubble with
discrete element and combined finite discrete element
methods (DEM and FEM-DEM, respectively).
There are two cases that he has been working on at
SAMCoT: (1) punch-through tests on 3D ice rubble with
ice adjacent blocks being bound together by freeze
bonds and (2) 2D DEM modelling of pseudo 2D shear box
experiments performed at NTNU during the summer
2013 with Anna Pustogvar.
Currently conference papers on both of these studies
are being prepared and the goal is to submit the papers
to IAHR Symposium on Ice by the end of March 2014.
Polojärvi was also working with Pustogvar and Høyland
on a conference paper on the shear box experiments.
This paper was submitted to OMAE. He was visiting
NTNU for aa few days in the summer 2013 to participate
in conducting the experiments, and also recently visited
NTNU for nine days to work on the paper on the experi-
ments with Pustogvar and Høyland.
In addition, Polojärvi has been studying freeze bond
Figure 31. Locations of CTD and ADCP profiling in the Lance cruises 2011–2013.