Epidemiologi ved systemisk lupus erythematosus (SLE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v18i1.61Sammendrag
Det er utført få epidemiologiske studier av SLE i Norge. De studier som er utført viser liknende hyppighet og forekomst av SLE i Norge som i de øvrige nordiske land og forekomst av mild sykdom med en lav andel av alvorlig indre organ manifestasjoner. Insidens og prevalens er kartlagt i Nord-Norge visende en lavere insidens enn i de øvrige nordiske land, mens prevalensen er sammenliknbar. Tall fra Sverige tyder på stabil insidens, men økende prevalens, forenelig med økt overlevelse. Norske og nordiske studier viser høy kvinneandel og sammenliknbar alder ved diagnose. Studiene tyder på en høyere alder ved diagnose i Skandinavia enn i USA og England. Ut fra de nordiske studier er overlevelsen ved SLE god, selv om den er lavere enn i den generelle befolkningen. Overlevelse i de nordiske og europeiske land er sammenliknbare.
Selv om overlevelsen ved SLE er betydelig bedret over tid utgjorde aktiv SLE og infeksjoner 50% av dødsårsakene i den danske mortalitetsstudien. Aterosklerotisk hjerte-karsykdom var en hyppig dødsårsak i alle studiene. Kardiovaskulær sykdom som hovedårsak til død ved SLE er påvist i den store internasjonale studien hvor pasienter fra Island og Sverige deltok og i andre europeiske og internasjonale studier. Betydelig økt risiko for hjerteinfarkt hos unge SLE-kvinner i Sverige er også påvist tidligere i internasjonale studier og styrker teorien om at SLE per ce er en selvstendig risikofaktor for aterosklerose. Det er ønskelig med flere epidemiologiske studier av SLE i Norge.
There has been few studies on the epidemiology of SLE in Norway. The studies that have been conducted show similar frequency and occurence of SLE in Norway in comparison to the other Nordic countries, and mainly occurence of mild disease with only a low proportion suffering severe internal organ involvement. Studies on incidence and prevalence in the northern part of Norway show a lower incidence than in other Nordic countries, but a similar prevalence. Swedish studies has implied a stable incidence and increasing prevalence, correlating with prolonged survival. Studies from Norway and the Nordic countries show a high female predominance and comparable ages at time of diagnosis. The studies imply a later age of diagnosis in Scandinavia than in the USA and the UK. The Nordic studies show that survival from SLE is good, however lower than in the general population. Survival in the Nordic and European countries is comparable. Even if survival of SLE has been greatly improved, the Danish study on mortality showed that 50% of deaths are caused by infections and active disease. Artheriosclerotic cardiovascular disease is also found to be a frequent cause of death in all the studies. Cardiovascular disease was found to be the main cause of death in SLE in a big international study including Finnish and Swedish patients, and also in other European and international studies. Increased risk of myocardial infarction among young women with SLE in Sweden as well as in international studies indicates that SLE is in itself a risk factor for artheriosclerosis. It would be desirable with more studies on the epidemiology of SLE in Norway.
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