Kjønnsforskjeller i overgang fra langtidssykmelding til uførepensjon i 1997-2002
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v19i2.590Sammendrag
Bakgrunn: Denne studien undersøker overgangen fra langtidssykmelding til uførepensjonering for å se om man her kan finne noe av forklaringen på den observerte overhyppighet av uførepensjonering blant kvinner.
Metode og materiale: Prospektiv nasjonal kohortstudie som inkluderer 66 083 kvinner og 47 073 menn i alderen 16-62 år som var sykmeldt lenger enn åtte uker i 1997. Data er hentet fra FD-trygd. Kvinner som var sykmeldt med en W-diagnose (svangerskapsrelatert) ble ekskludert fra analysen pga alder og lav uførefrekvens. Kohorten ble fulgt opp i fem år med overgang til uførepensjon som endepunkt. Betydning av kjønn ble estimert ved hjelp av Cox' proporsjonal hasards analyse, kontrollert for sosiodemografiske faktorer. Vi gjorde separate analyser for de sykmeldte med muskel- og skjelettdiagnoser, psykiske diagnoser, hjerte/lungediagnoser og "andre" sykmeldingsdiagnoser, også med stratifisering for bostedsfylke.
Resultater: 22% av de sykmeldte mennene og 24% av kvinnene var uførepensjonert etter fem års oppfølging. Etter justering for sosiodemografiske faktorer var risiko for uførepensjon fortsatt høyere for kvinner med muskel- og skjelettdiagnoser, men høyere for menn i de andre diagnosegruppene og totalt.
Konklusjon: Risiko for uførepensjon blant langtidssykmeldte kvinner er ikke høyere enn hos langtidssykmeldte menn. Tvert imot, etter korreksjon for sosiodemografiske variabler, er det langtidssykmeldte menn som har størst risiko for å bli uførepensjonert, særlig innen gruppen som var sykmeldt for en psykisk lidelse. Siden langtidssykefraværet er høyere blant kvinner enn blant menn, er likevel totaleffekten en større uføretilgang blant kvinnelige langtidssykmeldte.
Gjesdal S. Gender differences in transition from long-term sickness absence to permanent disability pension, 1997-2002. Nor J Epidemiol 2009; 19 (2): 193-202.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
Background: The study investigates the transition from long-term sickness absence to permanent disability pension (DP) in Norway. The aim is to assess whether gender differences in this process explain the observed female excess in disability pensioning in Norway.
Methods and data: Prospective national cohort study including 66,083 women and 47,073 men aged 16-62 years, with a spell of sick leave longer than 8 weeks in 1997. The data is obtained from a national research database (FD-trygd). Women on sick leave with a pregnancy related diagnosis were excluded. The endpoint was granting of a DP. The effect of gender on the risk of obtaining a DP was estimated by means of Cox' proportional hazards analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Separate analyses were carried out for those with diagnoses indicating diseases in the musculoskeletal, mental, and cardiovascular and respiratory groups combined. Stratified analyses for county of residence were also performed.
Results: 22% of the male and 24% of the female sample obtained a DP during follow-up. Adjusted for sociodemographic factors the risk of DP was still higher for women with musculoskeletal diagnoses, but higher for men in the remaining diagnostic groups and overall.
Conclusion: The risk of DP after sickness absence is not higher in women compared to men. On the contrary, after adjustment for relevant sociodemographic variables, men on sick-leave have the highest risk of a future DP. This is most evident among those on sick-leave with a mental diagnosis. However, since longterm sickness absence is much more frequent among women, the total effect is a higher rate of DP among Norwegian women.
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