Kjønnsforskjeller i forekomst av legemiddelrelaterte bivirkninger
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v9i2.479Sammendrag
SAMMENDRAG
Kvinnelig kjønn er blitt identifisert som risikofaktor for legemiddelrelaterte bivirkninger både i primærhelsetjenesten
og under sykehusopphold. Hyppigere forekomst av bivirkninger kan forklares delvis,
men ikke fullstendig, av at kvinner som gruppe konsumerer oftere og flere legemidler. Videre har legemiddelbruk
hos kvinner i mange tilfeller tilknytning til biologiske tilstander som menstruasjon, graviditet
og menopause, og den øker med alderen. Det er viktig å ta i betraktning kulturelle forskjeller hos
kvinner og menn som kan være med på å overestimere kjønnsforskjellene i bivirkningsforekomsten.
Kvinner bruker helsevesenet hyppigere og rapporterer oftere bivirkninger. Høyere bivirkningsfrekvens
hos kvinner kan også være resultat av at kvinner generelt får høyere dose per kg enn menn fordi
kvinner veier mindre. Kjønnsforskjeller i bivirkninger kan i tillegg være knyttet til forskjellig aktivitet i
leverenzymene cytochrom P450, som metaboliserer de fleste legemidler. Strukturelle og funksjonelle
kjønnsforskjeller finnes også i nyrer, lunger, hjerte/kar- og mage/tarmsystemet, og påvirker i varierende
grad effekt og sikkerhet av legemidler.
Nordeng H.
Gender differences in the occurrence of adverse drug events.
Nor J Epidemiol
ENGLISH SUMMARY
Both pharmacoepidemiological and clinical studies have identified female gender as a risk factor for
adverse events of drugs, both in primary care and in a hospital setting. Frequent occurrence of adverse
events can partly, but not totally, be explained by the fact that women as a group consume more drugs
than men. Women’s drug consumption can to a certain degree be related to menstruation, pregnancy
and menopause, and increases with age. It is essential to take into account cultural differences that can
contribute to an overestimation of the gender effect of adverse drug events. Women use the health care
system more frequently and report more often and more willingly adverse events. Higher frequency of
adverse events may also be the result of women receiving higher dose per kg than men because women
weigh less. Differences in activity of the liver enzyme system cytochrome P450 that metabolises most
drugs may also cause gender differences in adverse drug events. There also exists structural and functional
differences between women and men in the kidney, lung, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
system that may influence the effect and safety of drugs.
1999; 9 (2): 143-148.Downloads
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