Statens helseundersøkelser: Fra tuberkulosekamp til mangesidig epidemiologisk virksomhet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v7i2.397Sammendrag
SAMMENDRAG
I 1940 ble skjermbildefotografering tatt i bruk i tuberkulosearbeidet. Statens skjermbildefotografering ble
opprettet i 1943 for at dette helsetilbudet kunne nå frem til alle. Fra 1952 var virksomheten landsdekkende.
Screeningen ble utført av team som besøkte alle kommuner med buss eller båt. Resultatene ble meddelt den lokale
helsetjeneste, som tok seg av oppfølgingen.
I 1962 ble Det sentrale tuberkuloseregister opprettet. Fra 1969 ble totalundersøkelsene gradvis avløst av selektive
tuberkuloseundersøkelser. Risiko ble beregnet på grunnlag av resultater fra tidligere masseundersøkelser, og
bare personer med relativt høy risiko ble innbudt.
På 1950-60-tallet ble undersøkelsene utvidet med enkelte større epidemiologiske prosjekter. I 1970-80-årene
ble det gjennomført omfattende kartlegginger av risikofaktorer for hjerte-karsykdom i tre fylker, og i 1985 startet
det såkalte 40-åringsprogrammet, som fra 1993 er landsomfattende. Alle kommuner besøkes med tre års intervall.
Ved hver runde innbys alle personer 40-42 år til undersøkelse mhp. kardiovaskulær risiko. Undersøkelsene er en
totalpakke som omfatter overvåking, forskning, undervisning og forebygging ved masse- og høyrisikostrategi.
I 1986 ble navnet endret til Statens helseundersøkelser. Institusjonen er i dag engasjert i mangesidig virksomhet
innenfor forebygging og epidemiologi. Epidemiologisk forskning, rådgivning og helseopplysning spiller en
sentral rolle. Opp gjennom årene er det samlet en unik datakilde som burde ha vært utnyttet mer inngående.
Bjartveit K.
The National Health Screening Service: From fight against tuberculosis to many-sided
epidemiological activities.
Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2): 157-174.
E
NGLISH SUMMARY
From 1940 miniature chest X-ray screening was used in tuberculosis work. In 1943 the National Mass Radiography
Service was established so that this health measure could be offered everyone. From 1952 onwards this
service covered the entire country. The screening was carried out by teams visiting all municipalities by bus or
boat. The results were sent to the local health services, which took care of follow up.
In 1962 the Central Tuberculosis Register was set up. From 1969 onwards screening of the total population
was gradually replaced by selective case-finding for tuberculosis. Risk was calculated on the basis of results from
previous examinations, and only persons with relatively high risk were invited.
In the 1950s and ‘60s some large epidemiological surveys were included in the screenings. In the 1970s and
‘80s extensive surveys of risk factors for cardiovascular disease were carried out in three counties, and in 1985 the
so-called age-40 programme started, which from 1993 is nation-wide. All municipalities are visited with an
interval of three years. At each round, all persons aged 40-42 are invited to screening for cardiovascular disease
risk. The examinations represent a total package, including surveillance, research, education, and prevention
through mass and high risk strategy.
In 1996 the institute’s name was changed to the National Health Screening Service, which today is involved in
a many-sided activity within prevention and epidemiology. Epidemiological research, counselling and health
education play a central role. Through the years a unique data source has been collected, which should have been
utilised more extensively.
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