Røyking og hjerte-kardødelighet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v5i2.256Sammendrag
SAMMENDRAG
I en oppfølgingsstudie av 44 374 menn og kvinner i alder 35-49 år var dødeligheten av
hjerteinfarkt tre til fem
ganger høyere blant sigarettrøykere enn blant aldri sigarettrøykere. Hos sigarettrøykere økte dødeligheten med
økende antall sigaretter. Dødeligheten av hjerteinfarkt blant kvinner som røykte 20 sigaretter daglig var omtrent
den samme som blant menn som aldri hadde røykt sigaretter. Hos menn ga røyking av annet enn sigaretter
omtrent samme overdødelighet som røyking av sigaretter. For menn som også møtte til en undersøkelse tre til
fem år senere var infarktdødeligheten hos dem som var røykere ved en av undersøkelsene og ikke-røykere ved den
andre, mellom nivået for de som begge ganger enten var røykere eller ikke-røykere. For menn var
infarktdødeligheten hos de som hadde sluttet å røyke for mer enn 5 år siden litt høyere enn hos aldri røykere, mens
den hos kvinner var klart lavere. Dødeligheten av
hjerneslag for sigarettrøykere lå to til fire ganger høyere enn
den for aldri sigarettrøykere. For menn var det ingen sammenheng mellom antall sigaretter og slagdødelighet,
mens det var en sammenheng for hjertefriske kvinner. Sigarettrøyking ga også en overdødelighet av andre
kardiovaskulære sykdommer. For menn kom denne først til syne ved 20+ sigaretter.
Tverdal A.
Smoking and cardiovascular mortality. Nor J Epidemiol 1995; 5 (2): 115-120.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
Altogether 44 374 men and women 35-49 years old who attended a cardiovascular screening have been followed
with respect to cardiovascular death for an average of 18.5 years. The screening was repeated 3-5 years later.
Almost 90% of those invited attended. Smoking habits at the first screening and at both screenings were related to
subsequent mortality. The main cardiovascular risk factors were adjusted for.
The risk of coronary death was three times higher in current compared to never cigarette smokers. Among
persons without a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes or symptoms of angina pectoris the relative risk was
3.6 in men and 4.8 in women. In current cigarette smokers the mortality increased with increasing number of
cigarettes per day. The coronary heart disease mortality in women smoking 20 cigarettes was of the same order as
that in men who had never smoked cigarettes. Men who were current non-cigarette smokers had almost the same
excess risk as current cigarette smokers. The mortality in men having quit smoking more than 5 years ago was at
nearly the same level as in never cigarette smokers, whereas it was much lower in women having given up
smoking for 5+ years. Men who changed smoking category between two screenings had a coronary heart disease
mortality between that of the men who at both screenings were either smokers or non-smokers.
The relative risk of cerebrovascular disease between current and never cigarette smokers varied between 2.7
and 3.7. In men there was no relation with number of cigarettes, whereas in women a dose relationship was
present among those without a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes or symptoms of angina pectoris.
The mortality from other cardiovascular causes was also elevated among the cigarette smokers. In men this
excess risk was seen only among smokers of 20+ cigarettes per day.
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