Var manglende forståelse av tobakksepidemiens dynamikk en årsak til forsinket tobakksprevensjon?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v5i2.255Sammendrag
SAMMENDRAG
Mens tobakksmotstanden i Norge i første halvdel av det 20. århundre mest var tuftet på moral med utgangspunkt
i et religiøst paradigme, kom det i løpet av perioden 1955-61 undersøkelser som ga det tobakksforebyggende
arbeidet et sekulært vitenskapsbasert fundament. Den medisinske profesjon var imidlertid noe forbeholden til at
tobakk kunne representere en alvorlig trusel mot folkehelsen. Den avmålte og reserverte holdningen som først
ble inntatt av legestanden må bli forstått i lys av manglende kvalitet på de tidligste epidemiologiske undersøkelsene,
at legestanden på 1950-tallet selv hadde en meget høy andel røykere, og at mange leger - som høyt
utdannende og derfor ofte fordomsfrie mennesker - ønsket å distansere seg fra de religiøse avholdsmoralistene
som lenge hadde ledet det tobakksforebyggende arbeidet på et ikke-medisinsk grunnlag. Også fraværet av en
dypere innsikt i tobakksepidemiens egentlige natur (konfigurasjon) kunne være en årsak. Det spesielle tidsforholdet
mellom eksposisjon og sykdomsutbrudd i epidemiens dynamikk - ofte kalt "delay-problemet" - var egnet
til å forvirre legene og helsemyndighetene. For å forstå årsakene til datidens forvirring vil det bli presentert en
figur som viser ulike tidsvinduer i tobakksepidemiens forløp slik de blir skissert av Verdens helseorganisasjon.
Lund KE.
Was a lack of understanding of the dynamics of the tobacco epidemic a reason for delayed
tobacco prevention?
Nor J Epidemiol 1995; 5 (2): 107-113.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
In the first half of the 20th century, the work against tobacco in Norway was based mainly on ethics and a
religious paradigm. During the years 1955-61 several major epidemiological studies were published
which provided a secular and scientific basis for tobacco prevention. However, the medical profession
seemed to be sceptical about the claims that tobacco represented an important hazard to public health.
The formal and reserved attitudes of the doctors should be viewed in the light of the allegedly poor
scientific quality of the first epidemiological studies, the very high prevalence of smokers among doctors
themselves in the 1950's, and the fact that many doctors - being highly educated and therefore often
unprejudiced people - wished to distance themselves from the religious and fanatic anti-tobacco fighters.
A fourth cause, which is focused in this article, may have been misinterpretation of the dynamics of the
tobacco epidemic. The rather unusual relationship between exposure and disease in the tobacco epidemic
- often called the delay problem - was liable to create confusion among doctors and health authorities. To
help understand the medical profession's state of confusion about the size of the tobacco and health
problem, a figure will be presented demonstrating the different phases of the tobacco epidemic.
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