En ny generasjon troverdige kliniske retningslinjer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v23i2.1644Sammendrag
Trygg og effektiv diagnostikk, pleie og behandling fordrer at helsepersonell har tilgang til oppdatert og gyldig forskningsbasert kunnskap, fortrinnsvis i form av faglige kliniske retningslinjer utviklet med tilfredsstillende metodikk. De fleste retningslinjer har imidlertid betydelige svakheter med hensyn til både kunnskapsgrunnlag, utvikling av anbefalinger, presentasjonsformater og oppdatering. Nye definisjoner, standarder og metoder for kunnskapsbaserte troverdige retningslinjer gir langt bedre muligheter enn tidligere for å lykkes i arbeidet med å utvikle og implementere retningslinjer, men stiller samtidig større krav til metodekompetanse, klinisk ekspertise og tid. I vår digitale tidsalder åpner ny nettbasert teknologi for bedre disseminering av retningslinjer til frontlinjene i klinikken, og til å dele kunnskap med pasienter i konsultasjonen, for eksempel gjennom smarttelefoner og lesebrett. Gjennom et praktisk eksempel redegjør vi i denne artikkelen for nye definisjoner, standarder, metoder og verktøy for utvikling, disseminering og oppdatering av faglige retningslinjer. GRADE-systemet er en sentral komponent i dette. Det er nå mulig å lage troverdige retningslinjer som klinikere og pasienter kan ta i bruk i en travel hverdag. Det gjenstår å se hvordan myndighetene og fagmiljøene vil bidra for å sikre pasienter trygg og effektiv behandling gjennom utvikling av denne nye generasjonen av kliniske retningslinjer.
Vandvik PO, Berg R, Vist G. A new generation of trustworthy clinical practice guidelines. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 197-204.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
Safe and effective diagnosis and treatment requires that health care personnel can access the best current research evidence, preferably through clinical practice guidelines. Most guidelines suffer from methodological weaknesses (e.g., identification and assessment of research evidence, development of recommendations), suboptimal presentation formats and infrequent updating of content. New definitions, standards and systems for trustworthy guidelines provide better opportunities to succeed in development and dissemination of guidelines but also increase the demand for methodological competence, clinical expertise and time. In our digital era dissemination of guidelines to clinicians and patients at the point of care is greatly facilitated by web-based technology and devices such as smart-phones and tablet computers. In this article we describe new definitions, standards, methods and tools for the creation, dissemination and updating of clinical practice guidelines, in which the GRADE system is a key component. We use a practical example to demonstrate how to make trustworthy guidelines to be used by clinicians and patients at the point of care. It remains to be seen how the authorities and professional organizations will contribute to safe and effective treatment of patients through the development of this new generation of clinical practice guidelines.
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