Litteratursøk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v23i2.1635Sammendrag
I denne artikkelen beskriver vi prinsipper for å utføre systematiske søk etter forskningslitteratur. I et godt søk bør det tas utgangspunkt i et klart formulert spørsmål som uttrykker hva slags forskning en ønsker å finne. For effektspørsmål kan dette formuleres ved hjelp av et PICO-skjema hvor det konkretiseres hvilke pasienter, tiltak og utfallsmål en er interessert i. I litteratursøket er det vanlig å bruke engelske søkeord som beskriver disse PICO-kategoriene. For å finne så mye relevant forskning som mulig, er det viktig å søke på alle relevante synonymer og staveformer. En kan også søke på standardiserte emneord som beskriver innholdet i publikasjonene. De boolske operatorene AND og OR brukes for å kombinere søkeordene i en samlet søkestrategi. For å få et håndterlig antall søketreff, kan søket avgrenses til publikasjonsår, spesielle aldersgrupper eller relevant studiedesign. Det kan være nyttig å dokumentere hvilke kilder og søkeord som er brukt. I de fleste kilder kan søket lagres og hentes frem senere og søkeresultatene kan eksporteres til referansehåndteringsprogrammer som Reference Manager eller EndNote. I noen tilfeller kan det være nyttig å supplere det systematiske søket med andre gjenfinningsmetoder som søk i studieregistre, gjennomgang av referanselister i relevante publikasjoner, siteringssøk og tips fra fageksperter. Litteratursøk er en ferdighet som læres ved praktisk øvelse og vi anbefaler alle å ta kontakt med en bibliotekar for å lære mer om dette.
Kirkehei I, Ormstad SS. Searching for literature. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 141-145.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
In this article we describe the basic principles on how to perform systematic searches for research literature. A well-conducted literature search is based on a clearly formulated question, expressing what one is looking for. Questions regarding effects of interventions can be structured with the aid of PICO, stating the population, intervention and outcomes of interest. The first step is to identify English search terms that describe the different PICO categories. It is important to search for all relevant synonyms and spellings in order to identify as many relevant studies as possible. One may also search for standardized subject headings that are used to describe the content of the publications. Search terms are then combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. In order to end up with a reasonable amount of references, one can limit the search to specific publication years, age groups and relevant study designs. To ease the process of scanning through the search hits, it is advisable to export the search results into reference management software, such as Reference Manager or Endnote. Many databases also allow saving the searches for use at a later stage. Sometimes it might be necessary to use supplementary search methods, such as searching trials registers, scanning through reference lists of relevant publications, conducting citation searches, and contacting content experts to identify further relevant studies. The search process, including the selected sources and search terms, should be documented and reported. Even though advanced systematic searches often are performed by librarians, everyone can learn how to search for literature. It is a “learning by doing” process, and we recommend contacting a librarian for further guidance and help.
Downloads
Nedlastinger
Publisert
Hvordan referere
Utgave
Seksjon
Lisens
Norsk Epidemiologi licenses all content of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) licence. This means, among other things, that anyone is free to copy and distribute the content, as long as they give proper credit to the author(s) and the journal. For further information, see Creative Commons website for human readable or lawyer readable versions.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).