Lungekreft blant norske nikkelverksarbeidere: Nytt lys på en klassisk studie
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v11i2.553Abstract
SAMMENDRAG
I 1973 ble det påvist økt risiko for lunge- og nese-/bihulekreft blant norske nikkelverksarbeidere i en epidemiologisk
undersøkelse fra Kreftregisteret. Analysene var basert på 48 lungekrefttilfeller, og man fant at
risikoen var høyest i den gruppen som hadde lengst ansettelse i roste-, smelte- og elektrolyseavdelingene.
Tilsvarende funn var tidligere gjort blant nikkelarbeidere i andre land, og undersøkelsen vakte oppsikt fordi
forhøyet risiko også ble funnet blant ansatte i elektrolysen. Senere analyser med spesifikke eksponeringsdata
har vist at kreftfaren er nært knyttet til eksponering for vannløselige nikkelformer. Nye data er nå blitt samlet
inn i forbindelse med en pasient-kontroll-undersøkelse basert på 213 tilfeller av lungekreft og 525 kontrollpersoner.
På bakgrunn av opplysningene er relativ risiko regnet ut ved hjelp av regresjonsmodeller der
følgende faktorer var inkludert: total varighet av ansettelse ved bedriften, eller varighet av ansettelse i ulike
avdelinger, tidspunkt for førsteansettelse og røykevaner. Resultatene fra pasient-kontroll-analysen bekreftet
funnene fra 1973 når disse ble regnet om til relativ risiko, og tydet på at konklusjonene fra den gang var
valide selv om analysene var basert på færre arbeidstakere, kortere observasjonstid, en forenklet inndeling
av arbeidstakerene i henhold til deres avdelingshistorikk, og manglende opplysninger om røykevanene.
Grimsrud TK.
Lung cancer among Norwegian nickel-refinery workers: Reappraisial of
a classical study.
Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 171-176.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
In 1973, increased risk of cancer of the lung and nasal cavities was demonstrated among Norwegian nickel
workers in a study from The Cancer Registry of Norway (Kreftregisteret). The analyses were based on 48
cases of lung cancer and the highest risk was found in workers with the longest employment in the electrolysis,
roasting, and smelting departments. The study gave supportive evidence to epidemiological findings
from other countries and was the first to identify an elevated risk in electrolysis workers. Evaluations based
on specific exposure information have indicated a clear carcinogenic effect from water-soluble nickel compounds.
New information has been collected for a case-control study including 213 cases of lung cancer and
525 controls. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of the following variables: duration of
employment at the refinery as a whole, or in three different department groups (electrolysis, roasting and
smelting, and maintenance), time of first employment at the refinery, and smoking. The results from the
case-control analyses were in agreement with most of the relative rates derived from the 1973 paper, and
indicated that the conclusions in the oldest study were valid despite a much lower number of study subjects,
a shorter follow-up, a simple categorisation of employees according to work history, and an absence of data
on smoking habits.
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