Dødelighet av alle årsaker i regioner og bydeler i Oslo: Sammenlikning med utvalgte europeiske land
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v8i1.423Abstract
SAMMENDRAG
Oslohelsa viste at det var store forskjeller i total dødelighet mellom regionene og bydelene i Oslo. Det er
tidligere vist at dødeligheten i Oslo for menn har hatt en noe gunstigere utvikling enn landet for øvrig. I
foreliggende artikkel blir det presentert sammenlikninger av dødelighet innen Oslo med flere europeiske
land. Videre vises analyser av endring i totaldødelighet hos menn og kvinner i fire regioner for to perioder,
samt årlig endring hos menn i 25 bydeler for perioden 1990 til 1996.
For en treårsperiode 1990-92 har vi sammenliknbare dødelighetsdata for aldersgruppen 45-74 år med
europeiske data fra tolv land. Total dødelighet i Ytre vest er lavest innen Oslo, men noe høyere enn i Island
for menn og i Frankrike for kvinner. Dødeligheten i Indre øst i Oslo ligger omtrent på samme nivå som i
Polen for begge kjønn, henholdsvis 2,1 (menn) og 1,9 (kvinner) ganger høyere enn i Ytre vest. I perioden
1990-96 var det en årlig prosentvis nedgang i dødelighet for Oslo som helhet på 3,2% for menn og 0,3%
for kvinner. Dødeligheten i Indre øst og Indre vest viste en økning for kvinner i denne perioden.
Det blir diskutert mulige forklaringer på de observerte forskjellene innen Oslo og landene i Europa: 1)
ulike insidensrater av f.eks. hjerte-karsykdommer og kreft; 2) forskjellig letalitet ved kroniske fatale
sykdommer; 3) selektiv innflytting til billigere bydeler av personer med høyere risiko for å utvikle sykdom,
eller utflytting av friskere individer til andre regioner og land; og 4) ulike levekår på grunn av boforhold,
miljø og arbeidssituasjon.
For å kunne forklare mekanismene bak de store forskjellene i dødelighet, må vi ha data om enkeltindivider
med hensyn til levevaner, livsstilsfaktorer, opplevelse av egenverd, bo- og nærmiljøforhold samt
bruk av helsetjenester.
Stensvold I, Rognerud M, Thelle DS.
Mortality from all causes in several areas within the city of Oslo.
Comparison with 12 European countries.
Nor J Epidemiol 1998; 8 (1): 21-28.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
The «Oslo Health Report» showed that there are striking differences in mortality rates in the four
geographic regions and 25 local authorities within the City of Oslo. Previous analyses have shown that the
excess mortality for men in Oslo compared to the whole country of Norway has been reduced during the
time period 1975 to 1994. In this paper annual changes in total mortality rates for men in the 25 local
authorities in Oslo are presented for the time period 1990 to 1996. We have also compared mortality data
for the age-group 45-74 years for the three-year period 1990 to 1992 with corresponding European figures.
Total mortality rates in the Outer West region are lowest within Oslo, but slightly higher than the
average rates for men in Iceland, and women in France who both have low rates. Mortality rates in the
Inner East region are approximately at the same level as in Poland for both sexes, 2.1 and 1.9 times higher
than in the Outer West region for men and women respectively. During 1990 to 1996 the annual decrease
in total mortality rates in Oslo were 3.2% for men and 0.3% for women. Inner East and Inner West showed
an increase in mortality rates for women in this period.
We see some possible explanations for the observed differences within Oslo and between the countries:
1) different incidence rates of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, 2) different case-fatality ratios for some
of the major chronic diseases, 3) selective movement of sicker and healthier individuals between regions
and countries and 4) bad living conditions, pollution, problems in relation to work.
In order to explain the mechanisms behind these large observed differences in mortality rates, we need
data at the individual level on lifestyle, self-perceived health, living and social conditions as well as the
availability and use of health care services.
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