Skolebasert forebygging av røyking blant ungdom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v5i2.264Abstract
S
AMMENDRAGI første del av denne artikkelen gjennomgås en del utvalgte studier av skolebaserte tiltak mot røyking. Utviklingen
har gått gjennom tre faser der den siste generasjonen er de omfattende tiltakene som baserer seg på en
sosial påvirkningsmodell. Godt planlagte tiltak som er basert på denne modellen har vist seg å føre til at færre
begynner å røyke. I artikkelens andre del presenteres et prosjekt som gjennomføres av Den Norske
Kreftforening og som omfatter 4 441 elever fra 195 klasser ved 99 ungdomsskoler. Valg av undervisningstema
og pedagogiske tilnærminger er begrunnet i aktuelle sosialpsykologiske begreper og modeller og
erfaringer fra tidligere forskning. Intervensjonen bygger et stykke på vei på en sosial påvirkningsmodell.
Skolene er delt i fire grupper. Gruppe A er kontrollgruppe. Elevene i gruppe B gjennomgår et undervisningsprogram,
foreldrene involveres og lærerne gjennomgår kurser i hvordan de skal gjennomføre intervensjonen.
I gruppe C gjør en det samme som i gruppe B, men lærerne kurses ikke. I gruppe D gjør en det samme som i
gruppe B, men foreldrene involveres ikke. Underveis gjennomføres det blant annet spørreskjemaundersøkelser
blant elevene for å studere endringer i røykevaner, hvilke grupper av elever en lykkes best i å nå,
hvordan elevene reagerer på tiltakene og hva som kan forklare eventuelle positive virkninger av intervensjonene.
Foreløpige analyser av resultatene etter et halvt års oppfølging tyder på at det er færrest som
begynner å røyke i gruppe B, med andre ord at virkningene av tiltakene er best der lærerne kurses og
foreldrene involveres.
Jøsendal O, Aarø LE, Bergh IH.
School-based prevention of smoking among youths.
Nor J Epidemiol
ENGLISH SUMMARY
The first part of this article presents selected studies of school-based intervention programmes against
smoking. Historically it can be distinguished between three phases in the development of such programmes.
The last generation are the comprehensive social influence programmes. Carefully planned and designed
interventions which have been based on this model have succeeded in hindering a substantial proportion of
young people from starting smoking. The second part of this article presents a project which is administered
by the The Cancer Society of Norway and which takes the social influences model as its point of departure.
The project encompasses 4 441 pupils in 195 classes at 99 secondary schools in Norway. The educational
approach as well as the choice of topics covered are guided by relevant theory as well as findings from
previous research. The schools have been allocated to four groups. Group A serves as control. The pupils in
group B participate in the teaching programme, their parents are involved, and the teachers attend courses in
school-based anti-smoking intervention. The pupils in group C are exposed to the same conditions as group
B, but the teachers are not offered the course. Pupils in group D are exposed to the same conditions as group
B, but their parents are not involved. Questionnaire surveys are carried out in order to examine changes in
smoking habits, identify which groups we succeed in influencing, find out how the interventions are received
and perceived by the pupils, and how to explain possible positive outcomes. Preliminary analyses of data
collected six months after baseline indicate that the lowest recruitment of smokers is found in group B.
Involving parents and arranging courses for teachers may prove to improve the effects of the programme.
1995; 5 (2): 161-170.Downloads
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