Medisinsk fødselsregister i miljøovervåkingen – muligheter og begrensninger
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v27i1-2.2402Abstract
SAMMENDRAG
Overvåking har vært en prioritert oppgave for Medisinsk fødselsregister helt siden starten i 1967. Denne
oversikten dekker miljøovervåkingen, i første rekke arbeidsmiljø og ytre miljø. Overvåkingen har størst
fokus på medfødte misdannelser, men dekker også andre skadelige utfall som oppdages ved fødsel eller i
løpet av første leveår. Clustere, tilsynelatende uvanlige opphopninger i tid og/eller rom av skadeutfall, er
sentrale i overvåking. Den systematiske overvåkingen foregår i stor grad i EUROCAT-nettverket, og er
særlig egnet til å avdekke plutselige, utbredte, og/eller svært teratogene eksponeringsagens. Miljøovervåkingen
kan også være ad-hoc basert, enten proaktivt med oppfølging av skadeutfall under mistanke etter
en miljøhendelse, eller reaktivt som en utredning av miljøårsaker etter observasjon av et på forhånd uventet
cluster av sykdom eller skade. Som eksempler blir Medisinsk fødselsregisters rolle i oppfølging av
Tsjernobylulykken i 1986 og Kvikksaken på 1990- og 2000-tallet gjennomgått. Akilleshælen i miljøovervåkingen
er mangelfulle eksponeringsdata.
Kristensen P. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway in environmental surveillance – possibilities and
limitations. Nor J Epidem iol 2017; 27 (1-2): 41-46.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
Surveillance by The Medical Birth Registry of Norway has been a prioritized task since the start in 1967.
This presentation covers surveillance in the occupational and outer environment. Surveillance has primary
focus on birth defects but encompasses also other adverse effects present at birth or during the first year of
life. Clusters, apparent unusual increases in time and/or space of adverse events, are important in surveillance.
Systematic surveillance is largely carried out in the EUROCAT network, and is particularly suited for
discovering exposure agents that are sudden, widespread, and/or highly teratogenic. Ad-hoc environmental
surveillance can be carried out in the aftermath of an exposure incident, searching for increases in adverse
outcomes under suspicion, or as a search for causal explanations after observing unexpected clustering of
adverse outcomes. I present examples of the two: investigations after Chernobyl, and examinations of
clustering of birth defects among children whose fathers served on board the naval vessel KNM Kvikk. The
Achilles heel of the Birth Registry’s environmental surveillance is insufficient exposure data.
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