Litteratursøk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v23i2.1635Abstract
I denne artikkelen beskriver vi prinsipper for å utføre systematiske søk etter forskningslitteratur. I et godt søk bør det tas utgangspunkt i et klart formulert spørsmål som uttrykker hva slags forskning en ønsker å finne. For effektspørsmål kan dette formuleres ved hjelp av et PICO-skjema hvor det konkretiseres hvilke pasienter, tiltak og utfallsmål en er interessert i. I litteratursøket er det vanlig å bruke engelske søkeord som beskriver disse PICO-kategoriene. For å finne så mye relevant forskning som mulig, er det viktig å søke på alle relevante synonymer og staveformer. En kan også søke på standardiserte emneord som beskriver innholdet i publikasjonene. De boolske operatorene AND og OR brukes for å kombinere søkeordene i en samlet søkestrategi. For å få et håndterlig antall søketreff, kan søket avgrenses til publikasjonsår, spesielle aldersgrupper eller relevant studiedesign. Det kan være nyttig å dokumentere hvilke kilder og søkeord som er brukt. I de fleste kilder kan søket lagres og hentes frem senere og søkeresultatene kan eksporteres til referansehåndteringsprogrammer som Reference Manager eller EndNote. I noen tilfeller kan det være nyttig å supplere det systematiske søket med andre gjenfinningsmetoder som søk i studieregistre, gjennomgang av referanselister i relevante publikasjoner, siteringssøk og tips fra fageksperter. Litteratursøk er en ferdighet som læres ved praktisk øvelse og vi anbefaler alle å ta kontakt med en bibliotekar for å lære mer om dette.
Kirkehei I, Ormstad SS. Searching for literature. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 141-145.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
In this article we describe the basic principles on how to perform systematic searches for research literature. A well-conducted literature search is based on a clearly formulated question, expressing what one is looking for. Questions regarding effects of interventions can be structured with the aid of PICO, stating the population, intervention and outcomes of interest. The first step is to identify English search terms that describe the different PICO categories. It is important to search for all relevant synonyms and spellings in order to identify as many relevant studies as possible. One may also search for standardized subject headings that are used to describe the content of the publications. Search terms are then combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. In order to end up with a reasonable amount of references, one can limit the search to specific publication years, age groups and relevant study designs. To ease the process of scanning through the search hits, it is advisable to export the search results into reference management software, such as Reference Manager or Endnote. Many databases also allow saving the searches for use at a later stage. Sometimes it might be necessary to use supplementary search methods, such as searching trials registers, scanning through reference lists of relevant publications, conducting citation searches, and contacting content experts to identify further relevant studies. The search process, including the selected sources and search terms, should be documented and reported. Even though advanced systematic searches often are performed by librarians, everyone can learn how to search for literature. It is a “learning by doing” process, and we recommend contacting a librarian for further guidance and help.
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