Diffusjon av influensa i Norge under spanskesyken 1918-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v8i1.426Abstract
SAMMENDRAG
Spanskesyken var en verdensomspennende influensaepidemi som tok livet av minst 30 millioner mennesker,
de fleste i løpet av noen få høstmåneder i 1918, men den strakk seg også inn i 1919. En siste svak
bølge fant sted vinteren 1920. De første sporadiske tilfellene av spanskesyken i Norge oppsto i militærleire
i begynnelsen av april 1918. Over tre måneder senere kom de første spredte tilfellene av det som skulle
vise seg å være starten på en ny stor influensapandemi. De første av disse oppsto i Kristiania, mest sannsynlig
etter smitteimport fra Skottland over Nordsjøen. Sommeren 1918 spredte spanskesyken seg raskt fra
sør til nord, fra kysten til innlandet innover fjordene, og fra de største byene og industrisentra via mindre
byer og andre tettsteder til landsbygda langs de viktigste ferdselsveiene. Da spanskesyken blusset opp igjen
høsten 1918 spredte den seg langsommere og trolig fra nord til sør, fortsatt fra kysten innover fjordene,
men spredning fra byene langs kommunikasjonsveiene var mindre fremtredende. Vinteren 1918/19
opptrådte influensaen spredt og sporadisk, tilsynelatende uten bestemt spredningsmønster og rekkefølge.
Jernbanen, hurtigruten og automobilrutene spilte trolig en viktig rolle i spredningsprosessen, spesielt andre
halvår 1918. Ulik sosial interaksjon, for eksempel et marked som samlet store folkemengder, kan bidra til å
forklare eksplosive utbrudd av influensa og diffusjon på lavt geografisk nivå.
Mamelund S-E.
The diffusion of influenza in Norway during the 1918-19 Pandemic.
Nor J Epidemiol
ENGLISH SUMMARY
In 1918-1919, a world-wide pandemic, the Spanish Influenza, swept over the entire globe, killing at least
30 million people, most of them during the fall of 1918. A last, but small and less defined wave occurred in
the winter of 1920. The first sporadic cases of Spanish Influenza in Norway are known from army camps
in the early days of April 1918. More than three months later, the first scattered cases, clearly part of a
pandemic wave, appeared in the capital of Kristiania, probably imported across the North Sea from
Scotland. In the summer of 1918, influenza diffused rapidly along the coast towards northern Norway,
from the coast to the inland along the fjords, and from the largest cities, centres of industry and commerce
down the urban hierarchy to rural areas along major communication networks. During the autumn of 1918,
influenza diffused much more slowly, this time probably from north to south, still from the coast and
inland along the fjords, but outward diffusion from cities along communication networks was less
prominent. In the winter of 1918/19, influenza occurred in a scattered way, apparently without any
particular order or pattern of diffusion. Railways, coastal steamers and automobiles probably played an
important role as agents for movement of disease carriers, especially during the second half of 1918.
Communal activities which brought susceptibles together during a critical period, for instance a large fair,
provided excellent conditions for rapid spread of the disease. Such activities can help explain the many
sudden and heavy outbreaks of influenza and diffusion pattern on a geographical micro level.
1998; 8 (1): 45-58.Downloads
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