Eldre personer er sårbare i ekstreme værsituasjoner
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v14i2.244Abstract
I fjor sommer ble Europa rammet av en hetebølge og tusenvis av eldre mennesker døde. Sammenhengen mellom helsetilstand og påvirkning av klima er kompleks og medisinske, sosiale og miljømessige faktorer er involvert. Imidlertid er hete- og kulderelaterte sykdommer, skade og død i høy grad mulig å forebygge, og det er behov for å analysere denne situasjonen og andre ekstreme værsituasjoner for å kunne sikre helsen til eldre personer ved liknede hendelser i fremtiden. Artikkelen gir en oversikt over litteratur som omhandler sykelighet og dødelighet som følge av ekstreme værforhold: hete, kulde og situasjoner der transport, elektrisitet og andre leveranser er begrenset, som etter en orkan, enorme snøfall eller liknende. Sammenhenger mellom sykelighet, dødelighet og temperatur i alminnelighet bli også omtalt, med spesielt fokus på de eldre.
Eldre som lever alene og er sosialt isolerte, og spesielt de som har funksjonshemning eller kognitiv svikt har høyest risiko for sykdom, skade og død i ekstreme værsituasjoner. Dette kan trolig i stor grad forebygges. Det anbefales at alle kommuner har kriseplaner for naturkatastrofer og ekstreme værsituasjoner som spesielt inneholder tiltak rettet mot sårbare eldre. Planene bør inneholde generell alarmering og informasjon samt systemer for oppsøkende virksomhet overfor risikogrupper.
The 2003 heat wave in Europe was responsible for the deaths of thousands of elderly people. Heat- and cold-related illnesses, injuries and deaths are supposed to be largely preventable, and it is a need for analysing this situation and other situations with extreme weather conditions where elderly people are believed to be particularly vulnerable
This article is a review of the literature concerning morbidity and mortality in extreme weather conditions like heat, cold and situations where transportation, electricity, and other supplies are limited as a consequence of extreme weather such as after a hurricane or an enormous snowfall. Associations between mortality, morbidity and temperature in general are also discussed with focus on the elderly population. after a hurricane or an enormous snowfall. The frailest elderly are at the highest risk. In situati The elderly are at high risk for illnesses, injuries and death in extreme weather conditions. There are numerous reports from heat waves, but also cold-related problems are well documented. Other risk factors are disability, cognitive impairment, chronic disease, the use of special drugs and social isolation. Many risk factors are common for heat-, and cold-related problems, and also for other situations like ons with extreme weather conditions, we recommend local and central authorities to have emergency plans with special adaptations to the needs of elderly people and other vulnerable groups. These plans should include general warning and information and systems for preventive visits to high-risk groups.
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