Systematiske oversikter om effekt av tiltak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v23i2.1632Abstract
Systematiske oversikter er en forutsetning for kunnskapsbaserte beslutninger fordi de gir en samlet oversikt over forskningsstatus for den aktuelle problemstillingen. En systematisk gjennomgang av eksisterende forskning kan generere ny innsikt, identifisere kunnskapshull og vise vei for videre forskning. Fremgangsmåten for å utarbeide en systematisk oversikt kjennetegnes av 1) et klart formål med forhåndsdefinerte kriterier for inklusjon av studier, 2) en eksplisitt, reproduserbar framgangsmåte (metode), 3) en omfattende søkestrategi der målet er å identifisere alle studier som tilfredsstiller inklusjonskriteriene, 4) en vurdering av validiteten til resultatene i inkluderte studier, og 5) en systematisk framstilling og sammenstilling av kjennetegn og resultater fra de inkluderte studiene. Randomiserte kontrollerte studier har en sentral plass i systematiske oversikter om effekt av tiltak, men også andre typer effektforskning kan være aktuelle å inkludere. Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten produserer systematiske oversikter til støtte for helsepolitiske beslutninger, nasjonale retningslinjer og kunnskapsbasert praksis. Fremgangsmåten er beskrevet i håndboka ”Slik oppsummerer vi forskning” som er tilgjengelig på Kunnskapssenterets nettside. Kunnskapssenteret bidrar også i det internasjonale arbeidet med å utarbeide systematiske oversikter gjennom publisering i Cochrane- og Campbell-databasene og i vitenskapelige tidsskrift.Jamtvedt G. Systematic reviews on the effect of interventions. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2): 119-124.ENGLISH SUMMARY Systematic reviews are a prerequisite for evidence informed decisions because they provide a comprehensive review of what is known on the particular topic in question. By systematically reviewing existing research findings, new insights can be generated, knowledge gaps identified, and directions for future research found. The methods for developing a systematic review are characterised by 1) a clearly stated objective and pre-defined eligibility criteria for studies, 2) the use of explicit, reproducible methods, 3) a systematic search to identify all studies that would meet the eligibility criteria, 4) an assessment of the validity of the findings of the included studies, 5) a systematic presentation and synthesis of the characteristics and findings of the included studies. Randomized controlled trials play a key role in systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions, but other types of effectiveness-studies may also be relevant to include. The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services produces systematic reviews to support well informed health policy making, clinical practice guidelines-development, and to contribute to evidence-based practices. The methods are described in the handbook ”Slik oppsummerer vi forskning” [“This is how we summarise research”], which is available online. The Knowledge Centre is also engaged in the wider global effort to produce systematic reviews, by preparing Cochrane- and Campbell-reviews, as well as systematic reviews that are published through regular scientific journals.Downloads
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