Effekter av program i skolen for å forebygge psykiske plager
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v20i1.1291Abstract
Mellom 15 og 20% av alle ungdommer i Norge har psykiske problemer som går ut over deres fungeringsevne. Mellom 4 og 7% har så alvorlige plager at de trenger behandling. Mange tør ikke dele problemene med andre. VIP er et forebyggende program innenfor psykisk helse for elever i videregående skole. Målsetningen er å øke kunnskap om og evne til å gjenkjenne tegn på psykiske problemer og lidelser, og å senke terskelen for å søke hjelp. Vi vurderer her graden av måloppnåelse. Utvalget er 880 elever i Akershus der intervensjonen har blitt gjennomført, sammenliknet med 811 elever fra Vestfold fylke som ikke hadde intervensjonen. Opplysningene er innhentet gjennom spørreskjema før intervensjonen (t0), og 1 (t1), 6, 12 og 24 måneder etter intervensjonen. Ved hvert tidspunkt ble kunnskapen målt i prosent av maksimum skåre på et sett av indekser. Effektstørrelsen på de enkelte indeksene er estimert i (a) forskjeller i forbedring av prosentskåre og (b) Cohens d. Fra t0 til t1 hadde intervensjonsgruppen signifikant bedre kunnskapsutvikling innenfor ”kjennskap til psykiske lidelser” (10,2% flere prosentenheter framgang, Cohens d = 0,58), ”generell kunnskap om psykisk helse” (4,4% - 0,30), ”evne til kopling av symptomer til diagnoser” (3,1% - 0,34), ”kunnskap om hjelpeapparatet innenfor psykisk helse generelt” (11,6% - 0,51) og ”kunnskap om nærmiljøets hjelpeapparat innenfor psykisk helse” (11,3% - 0,74). Sammenliknet med effektstørrelsene i andre, tilsvarende studier (mellom 0,01 og 0,3 i Norge og mellom 0,26 og 0,57 i internasjonale undersøkelser) synes effekten av VIP å være god. Tatt i betraktning at kunnskap forvitrer og glemmes over tid, gjenstår det likevel å se om VIP-programmet får varige effekter av en størrelsesorden som er tilfredsstillende, sett i forhold til det programmet koster.
Effects of programs in school for preventing mental problems -
English Summary : Between 15 and 20% of all young people in Norway have mental problems that impact their daily functioning. Between 4 and 7% have problems that need treatment. Many of those who have problems do not dare to share them with others. VIP is a preventive program in mental health in Norway targeted at students in secondary school. It aims at increasing understanding and recognition of mental problems and illness and at lowering thresholds for help seeking. We assess the degree of achievement of these goals. A sample of 880 students in a county where the program had been implemented was compared with a sample of 811 students in a county where the program had not yet been implemented. Data was collected through questionnaires prior to intervention (t0) and at 1 (t1), 6, 12 and 24 months after intervention. At each time, knowledge was measured as percentages of top scores on a set of indices. Effect sizes on the various indices are estimated in terms of (a) differences in improvements of percentage scores and (b) Cohen’s d. From t0 to t1, the intervention group showed significantly greater progress in “knowledge of mental disorders” (10.2 percentage units greater progress, Cohen’s d = 0.58), “general knowledge of mental health” (4.4%, 0.30), “ability to link symptoms to diagnosis” (3.1%, 0.34), “general knowledge of mental health services” (11.6%, 0.51), and “knowledge of specific community help facilities” (11.3%, 0.74). Compared with effect sizes from similar studies (between 0.01 and 0.30 in Norway and between 0.26 and 0.57 in international surveys), the effect sizes of VIP lie in the higher end of the scale. However, considering that knowledge to some extent is forgotten over time, it remains to be seen if the VIP program has a satisfactory lasting effect compared to its costs.Downloads
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