Psykisk helsearbeid på internett: konsekvenser for normalitets- og identitetsdannelse hos ungdom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v20i1.1290Abstract
Psykisk helsearbeid på internett øker i omfang, og verdsettes på grunn av bekvemmelighet, lave kostnader og muligheter for anonymitet. Artikkelen bygger på en kartlegging av norske og svenske nettbaserte eposttjenester for ungdom og unge voksne, og viser at det var 24 nettsteder som tilbød slike tjenester i 2009. Tjenestene hadde opphav i både offentlig og frivillig sektor. Flesteparten av sidene fra offentlig sektor tok utgangspunkt i eksisterende tjenestetilbud, og var en videreutvikling av tjenestene for å styrke tilgjengeligheten av psykisk helsetjenester. Andre sider oppsto som en konsekvens av FNs konvensjon av barns rettigheter. Størsteparten av sidene fra frivillig sektor ble utviklet som følge av et personlig og/eller fagpolitisk engasjement. Fire hovedtema for e-posttjenestene ble identifisert: 1) Kropp, kjønn og seksuell helse; 2) Informasjon og kontakt med voksne; 3) Rus og rusmidler; 4) Psykiske problemer. Studien viser at nettjenestene argumenterer for at det er viktig for ungdoms psykiske helse at de blir inkludert og akseptert i et fellesskap og at de opplever å bli respektert på egne premisser. Samtidig videreføres et ideal om det uavhengige og autonome mennesket, og nettjenestene formidler samlet sett et spenningsfylt budskap om at ungdom er avhengige av andre for å bli og forbli uavhengige individer. Psykisk helsearbeid på internett framstår som en måte å håndtere denne spenningen på, og muliggjør at ungdom kan håndtere en identitet som både avhengige og uavhengige mennesker. Studien viser forskjeller knyttet til begrepsforståelse, og peker på viktigheten av å utforske meningsinnholdet i psykisk helse nærmere.
Mental health services on the Internet.
ENGLISH SUMMARY: The demand for Internet-based mental health services are increasing. The services are valued for their convenience, low cost and opportunities for anonymity. This article is based on a survey of Norwegian and Swedish Internet-based email services for adolescents and young adults. The objective was to explore the ways in which these services mould young people's view on normality and identity and how they contribute to mental health. 24 websites were systematically reviewed. Most of the sites from public sector derived from existing services and can best be understood as an attempt to enhance the availability of the same services for adolescents and young adults. Other sites were closely connected to the UN Convention of children’s rights. A majority of the services from voluntary sector were developed as a result of initiatives taken by professionals or private persons. The email services focused different issues. A qualitative content analysis identified four main themes: 1) Body, gender and sexual health, 2) Information and contact with adults, 3) Drugs and substance abuse, 4) Mental problems.
In order to contribute to mental health amongst adolescents and young adults the services emphasise the importance of social inclusion and acceptation. At the same time the services maintain an ideal of the independent and autonomous human being. The services send out a message stating that young people are dependent on others to become and remain independent persons. Internet-based mental health services
enables young people to deal with an identity as both dependent and independent. The study reveals differences regarding the concept of mental health, and emphasise the importance of exploring the concept and meaning of mental health more closely.
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