Security Architecture for Distribution System Operators: A Norwegian Perspective

Abstract

Power distribution is becoming increasingly vulnerable to external cyber threats due to the interconnectivity between the OT and IT systems at the Distribution System Operator's (DSO) premises. Security architectures provide a system overview and simplify the implementation of security measures. However, few works explain the development and design of such a security architecture for the DSO. This paper proposes a future-oriented security architecture for Norwegian DSOs, based on interviews and meetings with the industry, existing security standards, and smart grid guidelines by applying a design science approach. The architecture includes national systems, (e.g., Elhub), and near-future smart grid developments (e.g., Advanced Distribution Management Systems). The architecture signifies the need to consider implications of the DSO's future digital developments, responsibilities, and functionalities in other countries. Future research should investigate the people and processes related to DSO premises to complement the technology perspective.