Utvidet egenmelding – en vei mot riktigere sykefravær?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v19i2.594Abstract
Bakgrunn: Kunnskapen om hvilken betydning rett til bruk av egenmelding har for sykefravær og sykefraværsmønster er svært begrenset. Denne studien undersøker effekten på korttidsfraværet av en utvidet egenmeldingsordning.
Materiale og metode: Kristiansand kommune med 5700 ansatte (4300 årsverk) innførte 1. april 2002 rett for sine ansatte til å selv dokumentere sykefravær på inntil 50 dager fordelt på 1-10 perioder som et kontrollert intervensjonsforsøk. Dialog med arbeidsplassen var forutsatt for både egenmeldt og legemeldt fravær når fraværet hadde vart i 5 dager.
Resultat: Forsøket viste at egenmelding i stor grad erstattet legemelding for fravær med inntil en ukes varighet. Gjennomsnittslengden av sykefraværet i arbeidsgiverperioden på 16 dager ble forkortet med 0,8 dager. Kurven for tilbakevending til arbeid tilsvarte forventet tilfriskningskurve uten de karakteristiske toppene ved fem, syv og 14 dager som en ser ved legemeldt fravær. Både antall korte sykefravær og andel av ansatte med korttidsfravær økte, men til tross for en forventet registreringseffekt økte ikke sykefraværet som prosent av mulige arbeidsdager i arbeidsgiverperioden.
Konklusjon: Utvidet egenmeldingsrettigheter med strukturert oppfølging fra arbeidsplassen resulterte i et endret mønster for korttidsfravær som kan indikere at dagens ordninger for egenmeldt fravær ikke er tilpasset arbeidstakernes behov.
Fleten N, Krane L, Johnsen R. Extended self-certification - a step towards more appropriate sickness absence? Nor J Epidemiol 2009; 19 (2): 223-228.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
Background: Knowledge on the consequences of extended self-certification for sickness absence is sparse. This study examines changes in short term sickness absence due to comprehensive extension in the selfcertification scheme.
Aim: To explore any effect on short term sick leave by introducing generous self-certification entitlements combined with structured workplace follow-up.
Method: Kristiansand Municipality with 5700 employees, introduced as a two years trial in April 2002 the right to self certificate sickness absence for until 50 days per year, divided on 1 until 10 periods. Arendal was control municipality. When the sickness absence had lasted for 5 days a structured dialog with the working place was scheduled, regardless self-certification or any medical certificate issued by a physician.
Results: The study indicates that extended self-certification halved medical certificates issued by a physician for sickness spells less than a week. The average length of sickness absence limited to the employerfinanced period on 16 days was reduced with 0.8 days. The curve for returning to work corresponded to the expected getting-well curve, i.e. without the typical peaks at 5, 7 and 14 days seen for physician certified sickness spells. Both the numbers of short term sick leave and the portion of employees with short term sick leave increased. Still the sickness absence, as percent of possible workdays during the employerfinanced period, was stable.
Conclusion: The results from the study indicate that extended self-certification reduces the length of the short term sickness absences. This effect on short term sickness absence, proposes that extended selfcertification might be a step towards a more need-adjusted sickness absence pattern.
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