40 år gamle kvinner som bruker hormonregimer – sunne utvalg eller risikogrupper?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v11i1.538Abstract
SAMMENDRAG
Formålet med denne artikkelen var å studere brukerne av kombinerte antikonsepsjonsmidler, regimer med progesteron
alene og østrogensubstitusjon blant norske 40-åringer. Var det først og fremst lavrisikogrupper – friske og
røykfrie kvinner – som brukte p-piller av kombinasjonstype, slik gjeldende anbefalinger råder til? Var progesteronbrukerne
et utvalg av særlig helsebevisste kvinner? Hvor utbredt var bruken av østrogen i denne aldersgruppen?
Var det tegn til at østrogenbrukerne er en “healthy selection”, slik utenlandske studier har vist?
Materialet er fra 40-åringsundersøkelser i 11 norske fylker i tiden 1997-99. Resultatene viser at 3,5% av
kvinnene brukte kombinerte antikonseptiva og at disse utgjorde et “sunt utvalg” med lave andeler røykere og god
helse. De 9,4% av kvinnene som brukte progesteron alene, skilte seg derimot lite fra premenopausale kvinner uten
hormonbruk. De 2,4% av kvinnene som brukte østrogen, hadde mindre god helse, høyere andel røykere og lavere
utdanningsnivå, sammenlignet med premenopausale kvinner. Men sammenligning innen gruppen av post- og perimenopausale
kvinner viste ingen vesentlig forskjell mellom østrogenbrukerne og andre. Resultatet fra den første
kontrollerte studien av østrogen og hjertesykdom kom i 1998, men førte ikke til noen påviselig forskjell i seleksjonen
til østrogenbruk fra 1997 til 1999.
Konklusjonen er at kvinnene som brukte kombinerte antikonseptiva i 40-årsalderen var en “sunn seleksjon” i
tråd med det som blir anbefalt, mens de som brukte progesteron alene skilte seg lite ut fra kvinner som ikke brukte
hormoner. Kvinner som brukte østrogen i denne unge alderen, sto fram som en helsemessig risikogruppe i
materialet som helhet, men skilte seg lite ut fra andre antatt post- eller perimenopausale kvinner i 40-årsalderen.
Graff-Iversen, S.
40-year old female sex hormone users: healthy selections or risk groups? Results from
health surveys in 11 Norwegian counties 1997-99.
Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (1): 73-79.
ENGLISH SUMMARY
The aim was to study the use of female sex hormone regimens by health and health behavior in middle-aged
women from the general population. Did current users of combined hormonal contraceptives represent a healthy
selection, in line with clinical guidelines? Did the users of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) represent a
selection with low cardiovascular risk, as studies in other countries have suggested? And if so, did the selection
change during 1997 to 1999, as might be suggested from the results from a controlled study of ERT and coronary
heart disease, which was published in 1998?
During 1997-99 all inhabitants aged 40-42 years in 11 Norwegian counties were invited to a health survey. Of
54,296 women invited, 3,4730 (64%) attended, and 34,284 gave complete information on menstruation and the
use of sex hormones. A minority of 3.5% of the women used combined hormonal contraceptives. Among those
the health was better and the prevalence of smoking was lower, in spite of a lower level of education, compared
with the premenopausal non-users of hormones. A total of 9.4% used progestin alone, and this group was not
different from the premenopausal non-users. A total of 2594 women, 7.6%, reported menopause, possible
menopause, irregular menstruation periods or use of ERT. All of these groups were characterized by less good
health and well-being, high prevalences of smoking, and lower educational levels, compared with premenopausal
women. But those using ERT did not differ to an essential degree from the other post- or perimenopausal groups.
The selection to the use of estrogen showed a similar pattern in 1997, 1998 and in 1999.
In conclusion, the Norwegian women aged 40-42 using combined hormonal contraceptives during 1997-99
were a healthy selection, in line with the current clinical guidelines. Those using ERT represented a less healthy
selection in the population, but did not differ from other post- or perimenopausal groups on their age.
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